MinEd Quotation Marks Styles (smart quotes)

Mined smart quotes mode turns ASCII double and single quotation marks (" and ') into typographic quotation marks according to the selected style. The style to be applied can be selected from the Quotes menu, or a locale-specific style can be preset.

Use command line option -q=locale to set a specific style, +q=locale to set a standby style (for quick toggling on the Quotes flag), or use just -q or +q to derive a style from the current locale environment.

Style issues

Information about international usage of typographic quotation marks has been collected from Wikipedia (mainly English/German pages) and some other web resources; note however that available information is sparse and not consistent. Comments are welcome.
Note that the “double” quotation marks are normally used for single (or outer) quotations while the ‘single’ quotation marks are used for nested (or inner) quotations. In some styles, however, e.g. British usage, these are reversed. To achieve that, simply use the corresponding keys (e.g. apostrophe for British single quotation or for Chinese/Japanese corner brackets).
Note also that many languages have more than one typical style; the style from the “alternate” column below is used as standby style.

Language-specific notes:

The alternate/standby style is sometimes used to provide a traditional style (e.g. Dutch, Greek).
For Arabic, the assumption is that in countries with French influence the French «guillemets» are the preferred style.
For Greek, a traditional style is provided as standby style; to use an alternate modern style (« Οὗτος ἔφη· “ Ἁδρόν ἐστι. ” »), select Spanish style.
For Hebrew, the language tag he (or hebrew) triggers a more traditional style (lower opening), while the language tag he_IL triggers a supposedly more modern style (upper opening); in both cases, the reverse closing quotation mark is available as alternate style.
For Polish, three major styles are described; different styles are triggered by locales pl (with inner single quotes) and polish (with inner guillemets), respectively, and can be selected from the menu.
For right-to-left scripts, quotation marks are applied in the configured order but appear in right-to-left order, so e.g. Arabic ”…“ will appear like “cibarA”. Note, however, that «angle» quotation marks have the Unicode bidi_mirrored property so each of them will appear mirrored on the terminal; this makes their configuration look like their later appearance, by conincidence of double reversal.

Mapping

Language	Locale	main style		alternate style
		outer	inner	outer	inner
(default)	(others)	“…”	‘…’	“…”	‘…’
Afrikaans	`af`	“…”	‘…’	„…”	‚…’
Albanian	`sq`	«…»	‹…›	“…„	‘…‚
Arabic, Algeria	`ar_DZ`	«…»		”…“
Arabic, Chad	`ar_TD`	«…»		”…“
Arabic, Comoros	`ar_KM`	«…»		”…“
Arabic, Djibouti	`ar_DJ`	«…»		”…“
Arabic, Lebanon	`ar_LB`	«…»		”…“
Arabic, Mauritania	`ar_MR`	«…»		”…“
Arabic, Morocco	`ar_MA`	«…»		”…“
Arabic, Syria	`ar_SY`	«…»		”…“
Arabic, Tunisia	`ar_TN`	«…»		”…“
Arabic, Western Sahara	`ar_EH`	«…»		”…“
Arabic	`ar`	”…“		«…»
Armenian	`hy`	«…»	“…”
Azerbaijani	`az`	«…»	‹…›	“…”	‘…’
Basque	`eu`	«…»	‹…›	“…”	‘…’
Belarusian	`be`	«…»	„…“	„…“
Breton	`br`	«…»	‹…›
Bulgarian	`bg`	„…“		«…»	‘…’
Catalan	`ca`	«…»	“…”	“…”	‘…’
Chinese, simplified	`chinese`	“…”	‘…’
Chinese, simplified	`zh`	“…”	‘…’
Chinese, simplified	`zh_CN`	“…”	‘…’
Chinese, traditional	`tchinese`	『…』	「…」	“…”	‘…’
Chinese, traditional	`zh_HK`	『…』	「…」	“…”	‘…’
Chinese, traditional	`zh_TW`	『…』	「…」	“…”	‘…’
Croatian	`croatian`	„…”	‚…’	»…«
Croatian	`hr`	„…”	‚…’	»…«
Croatian	`hrvatski`	„…”	‚…’	»…«
Czech	`cs`	„…“	‚…‘	»…«	›…‹
Czech	`czech`	„…“	‚…‘	»…«	›…‹
Danish	`da`	»…«	›…‹	„…“	’…’
Dutch	`nl`	“…”	‘…’	„…”	‚…’
Estonian	`et`	„…”		„…“
Farsi	`fa`	«…»	‹…›
Finnish	`fi`	”…”	’…’	»…»	›…›
French, Swiss	`fr_CH`	«…»	‹…›
French	`fr`	« … »	“ … ”	« … »	‹ … ›
Galician	`gl`	«…»	‹…›
Georgian	`ka`	„…“		“…”
German, Liecht.	`de_LI`	«…»	‹…›
German, Swiss	`de_CH`	«…»	‹…›
German	`de`	„…“	‚…‘	»…«	›…‹
Greek	`el`	«…»	‟…”	“…„	‘…‚
Greek	`greek`	«…»	‟…”	“…„	‘…‚
Hebrew, modern	`he_IL`	”…”		”…“
Hebrew	`he`	„…”	‚…’	„…“
Hebrew	`hebrew`	„…”	‚…’	„…“
Hungarian	`hu`	„…”	»…«	„…”	’…’
Hungarian	`hungarian`	„…”	»…«	„…”	’…’
Icelandic	`is`	„…“	‚…‘
Italian, Swiss	`it_CH`	«…»	‹…›
Italian	`it`	«…»		“…”	‘…’
Japanese	`ja`	『…』	「…」	【…】	〖…〗
Japanese	`japanese`	『…』	「…」	【…】	〖…〗
Kazakh	`kk`	«…»	„…“	“…”
Khmer	`km`	«…»	‹…›
Korean	`ko`	“…”	‘…’	『…』	「…」
Korean	`korean`	“…”	‘…’	『…』	「…」
Latvian	`lv`	«…»	„…“
Lithuanian	`lithuanian`	„…“
Lithuanian	`lt`	„…“
Macedonian	`mk`	„…“	’…‘
North Korean	`ko_KP`	《…》	〈…〉
Norwegian	`no`	«…»	‘…’	”…”	’…’
Polish, altern.	`polish`	„…”	«…»	„…”	»…«
Polish	`pl`	„…”	‚…’	«…»	‚…’
Portuguese, Brazil	`pt_BR`	“…”	‘…’
Portuguese	`pt`	«…»	‹…›	“…”	‘…’
Romanian	`ro`	„…”	«…»
Romanian	`romanian`	„…”	«…»
Russian	`ru`	«…»	„…“	“…”
Russian	`russian`	«…»	„…“	“…”
Serbian, Cyrillic	`sr`	„…“	‚…’	„…”
Serbian, Latin	`sr_BA@latin`	„…“	’…’	„…”
Serbian, Latin	`sr_CS@latin`	„…“	’…’	„…”
Serbian, Latin	`sr_ME@latin`	„…“	’…’	„…”
Serbian, Latin	`sr_RS@latin`	„…“	’…’	„…”
Slovak	`sk`	„…“	‚…‘	»…«	›…‹
Slovak	`slovak`	„…“	‚…‘	»…«	›…‹
Slovene	`sl`	„…“	‚…‘	»…«	›…‹
Slovene	`slovene`	„…“	‚…‘	»…«	›…‹
Slovene	`slovenian`	„…“	‚…‘	»…«	›…‹
Sorbian	`dsb`	„…“	‚…‘
Sorbian	`hsb`	„…“	‚…‘
Spanish	`es`	«…»	“…”	“…”	‘…’
Swedish	`sv`	”…”	’…’	»…»
Tajik	`tg`	«…»	„…“	“…”
Tatar	`tt`	«…»	„…“	“…”
Turkish	`tr`	“…”	‘…’	«…»	‹…›
Turkish	`turkish`	“…”	‘…’	«…»	‹…›
Ukrainian	`uk`	«…»	„…“	„…“
Vietnamese	`vi`	«…»	‹…›	“…”